The Influence of Liquidity, Solvency, and Activity Ratios on Profitability (ROA) in Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange During 2021–2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of liquidity, solvency, and activity ratios on profitability (Return on Assets/ROA) in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021–2024. Using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the results reveal that the activity ratio (Total Asset Turnover/TATO) significantly and positively affects profitability. In contrast, the liquidity ratio (Loan to Deposit Ratio/LDR) and solvency ratio (Debt to Equity Ratio/DER) do not significantly influence profitability. These findings highlight that efficient asset management plays a crucial role in enhancing bank performance. Empirically, this implies that banking firms should prioritize asset utilization strategies to improve financial outcomes. From a managerial perspective, the results suggest the need for focused efforts on optimizing operational efficiency over merely maintaining liquidity or adjusting capital structure.