Digital Economy Reconstruction: Public-Cooperative Partnership Model in Online Transportation Sector Under Article 33, 1945 Constitution

Platform capitalism practices in Indonesia’s digital transportation sector trigger structural market failures and systemic labor precarity, violating the economic democracy mandate of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. This study analyzes the Public-Cooperative Partnership (PCP) model as a novel constitutional reconstruction framework to reclaim digital sovereignty. Employing a normative-qualitative approach through constitutional hermeneutics and socio-technical transition perspectives, this research proposes a radical structural decoupling of platform architecture. Under this model, the state controls the core digital infrastructure layer (APIs, cloud networks, and payment gateways) as a digital public utility, while independent worker-owned cooperatives autonomously govern daily service delivery. Empirical validation from the JakLingko initiative confirms that public digital integration interfaces are institutionally feasible within the domestic landscape. By extracting JakLingko’s unified clearing capabilities without replicating its regional fiscal deficits, the PCP model provides an original legal-economic pathway to eliminate extractive algorithmic rents (15–25%), guarantee subsidy transparency via digital ledgers, and systematically embed micro-enterprise logistics. This study concludes that the PCP model serves as a definitive constitutional blueprint to align digital innovation with equitable macroeconomic efficiency and democratic wealth distribution.