Maintaining Distribution Performance Amid Disruption Risks: The Role of Digital Logistics Agility in the Indonesian Trucking Industry

E-commerce growth has pushed last-mile trucking volumes in Indonesia higher year over year, raising a question prior research has left largely open: what happens to delivery performance when operations break down mid-route, and can a firm's agility actually absorb that damage? Prior studies have generally examined digital capability and route optimization in isolation, as positive drivers of logistics performance, while treating disruption risk as a separate resilience-oriented concern; few have tested whether digital logistics agility can convert a risk-laden operating environment into stable service outcomes within a single structural model, particularly in Indonesia's last-mile trucking segment. Grounded in Dynamic Capability Theory and Supply Chain Resilience Theory, this study tests the influence of digital logistics capability, route optimization, and disruption risk on distribution service performance, with digital logistics agility as the mediating mechanism. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data from 67 valid respondents, operational personnel at Indonesian trucking companies handling last-mile distribution, were processed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4. Digital logistics capability and route optimization strengthen both agility and performance; disruption risk weakens both. Agility significantly and partially mediates all three relationships. The central finding: disruption risk keeps a significant direct negative effect on performance even after agility is accounted for, indicating that agility buffers disruption rather than neutralizing it, a distinction with direct implications for how trucking firms should allocate resilience investment.