Karakteristik Semen Segar Sapi Angus, Limousin, Simmental pada Berbagai Fase Pengamatan Sebelum dan sesudah Vaksinasi Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a strategic contagious animal disease controlled through vaccination programs. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the observation phase (relative to the FMD vaccination period) and cattle breed, as well as the interaction between breed and observation phase, on the fresh semen quality of breeding bulls—specifically regarding sperm motility, sperm abnormality, sperm concentration, and semen volume. A quantitative method using a case study approach was employed. Three bulls per breed were used in the study. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the observation phase significantly affected sperm motility, sperm abnormality, and semen volume, but did not significantly affect sperm concentration. The cattle breed factor did not significantly affect any of the semen quality parameters. Interaction analysis revealed a significant interaction between breed and observation phase regarding sperm motility and semen volume, but not regarding sperm abnormality or sperm concentration. Bonferroni post-hoc test results indicated that changes in motility across phases were significant for Angus cattle but not for Limousin and Simmental cattle; conversely, changes in semen volume across phases were significant for Limousin cattle but not for Angus and Simmental cattle. The novelty of this study lies in the use of three cattle breeds—Angus, Simmental, and Limousin—and the longitudinal assessment of parameters such as sperm motility, semen volume, sperm abnormalities, and sperm concentration before and after Foot-and-Mouth Disease vaccination.